Doctoral degree in modern history (Dr.hist.), University of Latvia, 1994
Diploma cum laude in modern history, University of Latvia, 1990
Nozīmīgākā profesionālā pieredze
- Senior Researcher, European Policy Research Institute, Latvian Academy of Sciences, 2018 - current
- Ambassador at Large, MFA of Latvia, 2017-2020
- Ambassador, the Embassy of Latvia in Ireland, 2013-2017
- Ambassador, the Permanent Representation of Latvia to the OSCE, the UN and other international organisations in Vienna, 2010 – 2013
- Political Advisor to EU Special Representative to Central Asia, EU Council Secretariat General, 2004 - 2010
Aktuālais pētniecības darbs
- History of diplomacy, Security and defence, European integration, Geopolitics
Galvenās publikācijas
- Apals G. Self-determination and Latvia. – in: The Centenary of Latvia’s Foreign Affairs: Global Thought and Latvia. - Latvian Institute of International Affairs, 2020 – p. 9-33.
- Apals G. Ārpolitikas avoti un pirmie soļi. Latvija Versaļas sistēmā un Otrā pasaules kara sākumā. - Latvijas diplomātijas gadsimts. - Zvaigzne ABC, 2020 – 21.- 64.lpp.
- Apals G. Neapjaustais Aukstais karš. - Domuzīme – 2020.2 – 65.-69.lpp.
- Apals G. Līkumotie valstiskuma ceļi. - Domuzīme – 2018.2 – 71.-75.lpp.
- Apals G. Euroscepticism in Latvian Politics: Twenty-Five Years of Change. – in: Euroscepticism in the Baltic States. – Latvian Iinstitute of International Affairs / Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2017 – p. 15-37.
- Apals G. Pēterburgas Avīzes: Latviešu pirmā saskare ar Eiropas politiskajām idejām. – Zvaigzne ABC, 2011.